problems and methods - final [a7c4f176]

Draft: master's thesis

• Communities are often held as the crucial center for deradicalization and reintegration programs. For the context of Iraqi Militias/Hashd al-Shaabi/PMF, what does this look like? How can communities foster peacebuilding within this context?

• Terrorism "deradicalization" vs DDR vs refugee reintegration

  • Is the difference between terrorism "deradicalization" and militia reintegration a purely judicial/jurisprudence one?

    • "Deradicalization" is for "strong" states
    • "reintegration" is for states emerging from post-conflict conditions
    • Refugee reintegration is a whole different ballgame <- have not yet fleshed this one out

• How do communities impact reintegration programs?

  • Commonly assumed that ideas impact behavior, changing ideas changes behavior (not played out, poor theory, many radicalize/fail to demobilize from the communities they live in)

    • This concept of "ideology" typically atomizes the individual and reduces them to a bag of ideas

  • Feelings of loneliness and outcast

    • Bosnia case - Darryl Li

  • Communities that sustain radicalization/failure to demobilize

    • Dayon et al: Career Foreign Fighters

• Sectarianism/Divisions

  • Does it matter? Does it influence ddr

    • Hinnebusch - Identity and State Formation in Multi‐sectarian Societies

  • religion

    • Nagel, Ferran - Politics of Religion and Nationalism
    • Soper, Fetzer - Religion and Nationalism in Global Perspective

    • Talal Asad - What role does religion play in this?

      • muslim brotherhood?

• State of the Art - How does peacebuilding and DDR work now?

  • Pouligny - Peace Operations Seen From Below
  • Other external actors

• Comparative Cases - What can we compare against?

  • Unique, successful cases (reach out to Patty Chang, Sally Sharif)

    • maoist fighters in nepal
    • namibia
    • colombia

  • middle east cases

    • hezbollah
    • bosnia

• Start by talking about how communities, not ideas are the center point for successful reintegrating of former fighters (nepal, namibia)

• Talk about the current state of the PMF and how they are semi-state

  • Talk about the religious/sectarian aspects of the PMF
• Talk about how communities impact reintegration programs
• Answer how peacebuilding works now, and why it doesn't work, and where it's worked before
• Dive into deeper comparative cases

• Clauswitz On War
• DDR as a requirement for post-conflict statebuilding

• Conceptualize the iraqi PMF issue as a dual countery insurgency one and a SSR/DDR one

  • PMF's seen in sectarian caraiture

    • much more complicated, mosaic
• State lead reintegration on Iraq
• What lessons have we learned from sierra leone, cote d'ivore, etc?
• State lead -> how does this look in comparison to sudan?
• What forms a community on a micro level? How do we define a community? Communities under DDR and SSR?

• Communities -> reintegration transforms between individual and communal based

  • Also faction leaders
  • How do these play in?
• use Simpson - War from the Ground Up