dos Santos et al: Improving Security of United Nations Peacekeepers

since 2013, 195 have died
Non-state actors create new dangers
lack of pre-deployment training exposes problems
spikes in casualities starting in 2011, continues until today
claims that people plan peacekeeping missions w/o being aware of the risks
combination of defensive posture, risk-adverse usage of force, and unwise risk taking leads to deaths
poor combination of lack of intelligence, poor information sharing, and bad training makes for unmeshed peacekeeping operations
missions are large, various bureacratic turf wars for operations and logistics

key problems

organization level of the UN has not adapted
leadership is lacking, especially @ sector commander level
missions have unmmaned, undermanned, and ill-equipped troops
failure to have strong response after serious attacks lets criminals operate with inpunity
pre-deployment readiness must be followed, no more caveats
in mission training, less cycling of troops (most troops leave every 6 months)
poor infrastructure in country threatens all
IED detection and attacks on camps/bases
lacking intelligence
field health care also lacking
mission footprint needs to be oriented
mutual accountability by all